This post contains A LOT of information/resources...it's a long one....use it all....
STAMPS are DUE on EXAM DAY!
- Get all of your stamps together
- Count the number of stamps
- Count again to double check
- Write the total number of stamps on the front paper
- Put them all together (in a folder, envelope, bag, cut out all the stamps and glue them to paper--whatever works)
- I will generate 5 random names per class and check those totals; if your total number of stamps is incorrect you will receive a 0 for that grade
Here are some ways I would recommend studying:
- Complete the "suggested free response" homework questions AND score your responses!
- Do extra free response!
- (ALWAYS) Score your response--this will allow you to check your understanding, and it will also give you some insight into how I will be grading your midterms!
- Link to ALL released FR and Scoring Rubrics: CLICK ME!
- Choose the "free response questions" to see all questions for a given year
- Choose the "scoring guidelines" (for the appropriate year) to see the scoring rubric--scroll down to the appropriate number to find the rubrics
- Look over your review stamps!
- Especially the stamp from yesterday that we did not go over--be sure to figure out anything you did wrong!
- Review old tests (and quizzes)
- All of our unit test use released free response and multiple choice--look over these tests, review your work, and figure out any questions you answered in correctly
- Review your notes! (and create an outline)
- Reading through your notes is great, but if you really want to take it to the next level, create an outline of your notes! You can type up an outline (which will inherently help you to remember a lot more than just reading your notes), and then you'll have an outline you can read through on your phone (or print it out) while you're on the bus or have free time at any point!
- Do the midterm review multiple choice packet! (sent out before break, sent today via remind, or email me for a copy)
- Watch videos to review specific topics! (AP Stat Guy, Youtube, etc.)
- Use the practice tests linked on the right!
Midterm Exam Format:
- Section 1 = 60 minutes = 29 multiple choice (50% of score)
- Section 2 = 60 minutes = 5 free response (50% of score)
Midterm Review (MC) Packet Answer Key:
- This was provided via Remind today, or some of you took a paper copy from me. You can also email me if you need a copy of this packet.
- This packet covers "the basics," but many of these multiple choice are easier/more direct than an AP MC or FR--but it's still a great resource for practicing the fundamentals!
- If you think I made an error let me know!
Thursday Stamp Solutions/Hints: LOOK AT THIS! LEARN FROM YOUR MISTAKES!
AP Exam Review 2018-19: Topic List
1. Creating/Describing
Distributions (Chapters 1-6)
a. Understanding
independence
i.
Two-Way/Contingency Tables
b. Creating
a histogram—by hand and on calculator
c. Creating
a boxplot—by hand and on calculator
i.
Determining outliers using fences
d. Creating/Reading/Describing…
i.
Dotplot
ii.
Stem and Leaf plot
iii.
Bar graph/pie chart (categorical displays)
e. Describing
a distribution
i.
Shape: skewed vs. symmetric; with a histogram we
can also comment on modality (unimodal, bimodal, etc.)
ii.
Center: mean vs. median; know how these relate
for different shapes of distributions (skewed, symmetric); also, know how to
calculate each
iii.
Spread: standard deviation vs. IQR (and can also
use range)
1. Know
how to interpret IQR
iv.
Note gaps
v.
Note outliers
vi.
Comparing boxplots
f.
Adding a constant to a data set: affects center,
but not spread (shifting)
g. Multiplying
by a constant to a data set: affects both center and spread (rescaling)
h. Understanding
percentiles
i.
Ogives
i.
The Normal Model
i.
What is a z-score?
ii.
Calculating z-scores
iii.
Using z-scores to find probability
1. Normalcdf(lower
bound, upper bound, mean, standard deviation)
2. Using
z-table (not necessary if you can use normalcdf)
3. 68/95/99.7
rule
iv.
Using z-scores to find “cutoff values for
percentiles
1. Invnorm(percentile,
mean, standard deviation)
2. OR,
use the z-table to work backwards and find the corresponding z-score for a
given percentile; invnorm(percentile) will also give this z-score
3. Find
the IQR for a Normal distribution
2. Linear
Regression (Chapters 7-9, part of 10)
a. Describe
an association: form/shape, direction, strength (reference r)
i.
Characteristics and definition of correlation
(r)
b. Interpret
slope
c. Interpret
y-intercept
d. Reading
computer output—identify slope, y-int, R^2, find r, variables (what is x? y?)
e. Interpreting
the Coefficient of Determination (R^2)
f.
Residuals
i.
Definition/calculation (actual – predicted)
ii.
Using residuals to find an actual/observed value
iii.
Examining/creating a residual plot
1. Is
a linear model appropriate?
iv.
Overestimate: residual is (-); Underestimate:
residual is (+)
v.
Residual plot on the calculator
1. Do
the LinReg first, then set y-list (in Statplot) to RESID
g. Finding
LSRL with calculator
i.
STATàCALCà(8)LinReg(a+bx)
L1, L2, Y1
1. Used
to find r, R^2
2. Also
need to do this before you can look at a residual plot
h. Outliers,
Influence, and Leverage
i.
Definitions of each
ii.
How can we identify an influential point?
(compare regression statistics)
iii.
Determine if slope, r, y-int will
increase/decrease (or neither) when we add or remove a point
i.
Lurking Variables
i.
Definition
ii.
These are why we cannot determine cause and
effect
3. Probability
(Chapters 14 – 17)
a. Calculating
probabilities using “AND, OR, NOT, GIVEN”
i.
At least one… problems
ii.
Disjoint/mutually exclusive
iii.
independence
b. Venn
Diagrams
c. Conditional
Probability
i.
Tree Diagrams
ii.
Identify conditional probability if you are
“given” information or “know something is true.”
iii.
Independence Formula: P(B/A) = P(A)
d. Disjoint,
independent, or neither?
e. Calculate
probabilities for events without replacement
i.
Change the fractions!
f.
Expected Value and Variance
i.
Create probability models/probability
distributions
1. Calculate
expected value (mean) and standard deviation for a probability model
2. Interpret
expected value; use expected value to make decisions
3. Discrete
vs. continuous random variables
ii.
Combining random variables
1. Remember,
we cannot add standard deviations but we can ALWAYS ADD VARIANCES
2. Using
a Normal model after finding a new E(X), variance
iii.
Shifting: adding/subtracting a value to each
outcome
1. How
is the mean and/or standard deviation affected?
iv.
Rescaling: multiplying/dividing each outcome by
some value/constant
1. How
is the mean and/or standard deviation affected?
g. Bernoulli
Trials
i.
Definition: 3 characteristics
h. Binomial
Probability Distribution
i.
Binomialpdf( à Used when given a specific sample size and one
specific number of successes
ii.
Binomialcdf( à Cumulative; used when given a specific sample size
and multiple numbers of successes; at least, at most, between questions
iii.
10% condition
iv.
Expected Value: “How many “successes” do we
expect in a sample of size n?” E(x) = np
v.
Use a Normal model to approximate binomial
probabilities
1. Like
#12 from our take home test
2. If
np>10 and nq>10 then we can use a Normal model for binomial probabilities
3. Mean
= np; standard deviation = sqrt(npq)
i.
Geometric Probability Distribution
i.
Used to calculate the “first”
ii.
Expected Value: “How many ____ until our first
“success” = 1/p
iii.
Geometpdf(p, when is the first?)
iv.
Geometcdf(p, first?); remember, this gives us
every possibility “to the left”
1. For
example, geometcdf(.5, 5) gives us the probability that our first success is 5th
or 4th or 3rd or 2nd or 1st
4. Methods
of Data Collection: Experimental Desighn (chapter13)
a. Design
an experiment
i.
Identify factors and levels of each
ii.
Identify treatment groups
iii.
Identify response variable
iv.
Explain how to randomly assign treatments
b. Blocking:
i.
Determine an appropriate blocking variable and
explain why it is an appropriate variable to block by
ii.
Identify blocks vs. factors in an experiment
iii.
Understand how to assign treatments in a blocked
design
iv.
Design/critique a randomized blocked experiment
c. Single
v. Double Blinding
i.
Understand each, recognize if an experiment is
single/double blinded
d. Confounding
Variables
i.
Identify confounding variables and explain what
this means in context
e. Determine
if a study is an experiment or observational study
5.
General
Exam Tips:
·
DO WHAT YOU ARE MOST CONFIDENT ABOUT FIRST; YOU
DO NOT HAVE TO DO THE TEST IN ORDER!
·
Read each free-response
question first (before you start the test)
o
Work on the questions you are most confident
about first to maximize your time
o
You may not finish, so you want to leave the
hardest question for last—don’t miss out on the opportunity to earn points!
o
You have, on average, 13 minutes per question
o
No blank questions! Try something! You have lots of good ideas so write them down!
§
If you need an answer from “b” to do “c,” but
you don’t know how to do “b,” you can make up a reasonable answer for b
§
If you then use that answer for part c, you will
still earn credit!
·
Multiple
choice: skip questions if you’re stumped!
o
If you get stuck on a question, mark on the
test, then go back at the end
o
You have about 2 min 15 sec per multiple choice
question (on average), so you don’t want to spend too long on a tough question
§
Go back to it at the end so you can spend more
time on the questions you know how to do!
o
DO NOT LEAVE ANY MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
BLANK!
§
You only earn a point for a correct response,
you are not penalized for wrong answers; SO NO BLANKS!
·
Do not rush and overlook details, but be mindful
of your time
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